On the problematic issues of determining the object of income tax

Abstract

The objective of the article by Shorokhova Yuliia Serhiivna «On the
problematic issues of determining the object of income tax» is highlighting the
problematic issues in defining corporate income tax. Analyzing scientific literature,
examining the article of the scientists who studied these issues, studying related
regulatory legal acts, all this was done to find the correct answer to the question of
defining the object of income tax.
Corporate income tax is one or even the main of budget-forming taxes, which
has always played an important role in the development and functioning of the state.
Therefore, when considering the corporate income tax it is necessary to examine one
of the key elements of the tax and corporate income tax - the object of taxation and
the object of taxable income. That is what we are doing in this article, because due to
this tax element the formation of revenues to the state treasury takes place.
Upon considering the issue of the object of taxable corporate income tax there
were identified a number of important concepts, “the object of taxation”, “subject of
taxation”, “source of tax”. It is important for formulating a more precise definition of
“the object of taxation” and then “the object of taxable income”.
Art. 22 of the Tax Code of Ukraine (hereinafter the TC of Ukraine) states that
the object of taxation may be property, goods, income (profit) or a part thereof,
turnover from the sale of goods (works, services), transactions on the supply of goods
(works, services) and other objects defined by the tax legislation, to the presence of
which the tax law reefers the emergence of a taxpayer's tax obligation.
The author of the article having examined a large number of sources, concludes
that the science of tax law has different views on the definition of the subject and the
object of taxation, but scientists generally can be divided into two opposing groups.
One of them belives that the object and subject of taxation should not be separated
and the others vice versa see a number of problems and give examples of these
problems, if they are taken as a whole.
Analyzing the experience of outstanding scientists of both ancient and modern
times it becomes clear, making a comparative analysis of the laws of other countries,
we agree with those scientists who focus their attention on the feasibility of
separating these legal categories.
To make a conclusion on the entire material reviewed by us, it should be noted
importantly, having examined the Ukrainian legislation, partly the legislation of some
European countries, having analyzed the works of outstanding scientists, it should be
noted that a large number of scientists who were interested in the issue of “the object
of taxation” made a significant contribution to the science of tax law. Without their
work relating this issue it was not possible develop legal instrumentarium and
provide the correct, substantial and clear definitions in the legislation. From the
analysis of the law is clear that the significant disadvantage of the Tax Code of
Ukraine is the lack of definition of the object of taxable corporate income tax, and
there only the scheme of income calculation.